The Maxwell equations for the electromagnetic field provide the basis for scalar diffraction. They enable the derivation of the scalar Helmholtz equation. $$ \Delta E(r) + k^2 E(r) = 0 $$ To which the ...

Flexible, and easy-to-use Python diffraction simulator that focuses on visualizing physical optics phenomena. The simulator uses mainly scalar diffraction techniques for light propagation, provides a ...

A recent article published in Scientific Reports provided a comprehensive computational study of diffraction image formation during single-particle imaging (SPI) of a macromolecule. This macromolecule ...

Abstract: With the development of urbanization, substations have started to be built in urban areas where the population is concentrated. In order to effectively control the noise pollution from ...