Spinal reflex is essential to the robust locomotion of quadruped animals. To investigate the reflex mechanisms, we developed a quadruped robot platform that emulates the neuromuscular dynamics of ...

The tendon reflexes obtainable from the extensors of the great toe require practice to elicit, but have been found particularly valuable in the assessment of lesions affecting the fifth lumbar nerve ...

Objective: To characterize how, following a stretch-induced attenuation, volitional muscle activation impacts stretch reflex activity in individuals with stroke. Methods: A robotic device rotated the ...

LONG survival of patients with complete severance of the spinal cord is rarely encountered in civilian life. During the recent world conflict, however, the high incidence of casualties from ...

Spasticity is only one of several components of the upper motor neurone (UMN) syndrome, known collectively as the 'positive' phenomena, that are characterized by muscle overactivity. Other components ...

Objective: To measure spasticity of the knee flexors and extensor muscles in two different hip positions. Setting: Swiss Paraplegic Center Nottwil, Switzerland. Methods: Twenty spinal cord injured ...