This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

Learn how Gaussian models developed by Carl Friedrich Gauss can be used to understand market behavior and probabilities in trading strategies.

The normal distribution is the probability distribution that plots all of its values along a symmetrical bell curve, with the highest probabilities centered around the mean value and tapering out ...