In this study, a novel cascaded exponential proportional–integral–derivative (exp-PID) controller tuned by the starfish optimization algorithm (SFOA) is proposed for enhancing the transient and steady ...
Accurate temperature regulation in continuous stirred-tank heater (CSTH) systems is vital in chemical and thermal process industries, where deviations can cause energy inefficiencies, product quality ...
PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...