The concept of paradigm shift was introduced and popularized by the American physicist and philosopher Thomas Kuhn in his 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn described a paradigm ...

In the scope of this paper, a paradigm is a general modeling framework or a distinct set of methodologies to solve a class of tasks. For instance, sequence labeling is a mainstream paradigm for named ...

Traditional RCTs are often impractical for innovative therapies, especially in ultra-rare conditions or where long-term outcomes are needed. Regulatory bodies have adapted to innovative study designs, ...